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Emissions Monitoring
Continuous Emissions and Periodic Emissions Monitoring Systems. Protea has been at the forefront of emissions monitoring systems for 20 years, as both a manufacturer and a user of stack emissions
Victoria Brewster
Product Leader, Protea LTD
Siloxane Sampling Methods: Online Vs Offline
Victoria Brewster – Product Leader; Spectroscopic Solution
The generation of electricity from municipal digesters and land fill is of increasing interest, as the biogas can allow for a form of renewable energy. Organosilicon compounds often find their way into land-fill or digester gases as siloxanes. Siloxanes are low-level hazards to the atmosphere in terms of their emissions, however when they are combusted in gas engines the hard silica that is produced is very harsh to the moving parts of the gas engine. Ultimately this increase maintenance cost and gives a lower energy output, making the generation of power less efficient. With this ever-growing market, the need for analysis of the siloxane content of the biogas pre-generator is important. A land-fill gas plant operator can determine the amount of siloxane removal of the pre-combustion feed gas. This enables a more cost-effective cleaning system to be employed. They can also determine whether an existing clean-up system is operating effectivelyThere is currently no standard method for gaseous siloxane measurement and to date no on-line gas process monitoring system. The usual method of gas analysis has involved the extraction of a sample gas, via bag or cylinder, and analysis off-plant. Sampling losses of siloxanes inevitably occur, as the sample can be adsorbed on to the sample container wall. Protea has developed an analytical model for our atmosFIR FTIR gas analyser that allows speciation of siloxanes on-line. The full spectrum technique of FTIR also allows for the measurement of the main gas components, CH4 , CO2 , NH3 etc. providing real time, in-situ full gas composition analysis. In this paper we compare directly readings from a Protea FTIR with offline sampling methods. Comparisons have been made for siloxane calibration standards as well as real world gas data from both landfill and waste water.
1-Minute Introductory Video
Siloxane Sampling Methods: Online Vs Offline
Information Request
B1
CEMS | Sampling | Emissions | FTIR | Monitoring
Feb 14 ( 7:3o – 9:30 am)
CEM Sample Systems
B1.2 CEM Sample Systems
Bob Bertik – Universal Analyzers
CEM Sample Systems are often overlooked or given the least amount of attention in the design of a Gas Analysis System. But arguably it is the most important engineered segment of any Gas Analysis System.
As happens often, those responsible for designing and packaging a Continuous Emissions Monitoring System overlook the small details that will make or break a CEMS Performance.
And those that maintain these systems for the most part inherit what they have, were not part of the initial design and often times ask themselves, “there’s got to be a better way!”.
Getting a representative sample, transporting it to the analyzer enclosure and conditioning it without removing the required measured analytes is not a one size fits all approach.
This discussion will touch on the considerations for the Sample Conditioning and Transport segment for a CEMS Sample System both during initial design and post installation enhancements.
Siloxane Sampling Methods: Online Vs Offline
Siloxane Sampling Methods: Online Vs Offline
Victoria Brewster – Product Leader; Spectroscopic Solution
The generation of electricity from municipal digesters and land fill is of increasing interest, as the biogas can allow for a form of renewable energy. Organosilicon compounds often find their way into land-fill or digester gases as siloxanes. Siloxanes are low-level hazards to the atmosphere in terms of their emissions, however when they are combusted in gas engines the hard silica that is produced is very harsh to the moving parts of the gas engine. Ultimately this increase maintenance cost and gives a lower energy output, making the generation of power less efficient. With this ever-growing market, the need for analysis of the siloxane content of the biogas pre-generator is important. A land-fill gas plant operator can determine the amount of siloxane removal of the pre-combustion feed gas. This enables a more cost-effective cleaning system to be employed. They can also determine whether an existing clean-up system is operating effectivelyThere is currently no standard method for gaseous siloxane measurement and to date no on-line gas process monitoring system. The usual method of gas analysis has involved the extraction of a sample gas, via bag or cylinder, and analysis off-plant. Sampling losses of siloxanes inevitably occur, as the sample can be adsorbed on to the sample container wall. Protea has developed an analytical model for our atmosFIR FTIR gas analyser that allows speciation of siloxanes on-line. The full spectrum technique of FTIR also allows for the measurement of the main gas components, CH4 , CO2 , NH3 etc. providing real time, in-situ full gas composition analysis. In this paper we compare directly readings from a Protea FTIR with offline sampling methods. Comparisons have been made for siloxane calibration standards as well as real world gas data from both landfill and waste water.
Heated Sample Lines – Critical Pathway Link to Compliance
B2.3 Heated Sample Lines - Critical Pathway Link to Compliance
Otto Hirsch – Marmon Industrial Energy & Infrastructure
It is often perceived that sample lines can be field created and that all factory-manufactured sample lines/components are all the same, when in fact, it is far from accurate – from the tubing, thermal barrier, heating source, outer weather-proof jacket, control options and method of manufacturing. Some lines may be permanent installations and some may be temporary for calibration or RATA testing. We will discuss manufacturing processes, tubing/heater/insulation/jacket, and control options. The sample is only as good as the line can deliver!
Generating Highly Reliable FTIR Field Data with Quality Assurance, Accuracy, and Validation
Generating Highly Reliable FTIR Field Data with Quality Assurance, Accuracy, and Validation
Generating Highly Reliable FTIR Field Data with Quality Assurance, Accuracy, and Validation
Blake Ericson –
We will present the key points to assure high quality FTIR data capture during your next source test or CEMS program. From FTIR basics to data validation, we will be addressing best practices and what to look for during your next test event to identify any potential issues with the data being captured.
- What are some common industries FTIR technology is used in?
- Are there any potential regulation changes coming in regards to FTIR use?
- Does the FTIR struggle with certain analysis?
Emission of Condensable Particulate Matter from Coal Combustion
Emission of Condensable Particulate Matter from Coal Combustion
Sang-Sup Lee – Associate Professor – Chungbuk National University
Air pollution from fine particulate matter is a major concern in Korea. The fine particulate matter generated by burning coal can be categorized into filterable and condensable particulate matter. While condensable particulate matter initially exists in a vapor phase in the combustion flue gas, it swiftly transforms into solid or liquid particulates upon release from the stack. As a results, condensable particulate matter is hardly removed from the conventional particulate matter control device. Our study focused on analyzing the emissions of condensable particulate matter arising from coal combustion.